Fabric having layers of variable extensibility.



L. A. SUBE'M.

FABRIC HAVING LAYERS OP VARIABLE EXTEN SIBILITY.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23.1911

Patented Ma1126, 1912.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LAWRENCE A. SUBERS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

FAQBRIC HAVING LAYERS OF VARIABLE EXTENSIBILITY.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Mar, 26, 1912,

Application filed June 23, 1911. Serial No. 634,983

. To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LAWRENCE A. SUBERS, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Fabric Having Layers of Variable Extensibility, of which I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itpansion and contraction thereof, and avoid the movement or F working of one layer upon another, and the consequent destruction of the fabric. The machine for constructing this fabric is described in my co-pending application bearing Serial N 0. 634,982 filed June 23,1911. In a previous application Serial No. 587,632,I have described one method of construction by means of which this result can be accomplished, that is, by varying the number of twists per inch in the cords composing the layers, the cords composing the inner layers having the greater number of twists per inch and the outer ones a less number, thus giving the inner layers a greater capability for stretching than the outer layers. The effect is that the inner layers are first-affected by the internal pressure and are free to expand and transmit the pressure to the outer layers before reaching the elastic or bursting limit. In addltion two classes of fabric layers are employed, a layer or layers .of angularly laid bands adapted to resist the longitudinal pressure, and a layer or layers of circumferentially or spirally laid bands adapted to resist dia metrical pressure. The relation of one class of layers to the other class serving to obtain the required balance of strength in the hose and control the amount of total elongation, contraction, and expansion to a predeter mined degree.

The flattened band from which the present fabric is composed is similar to the band shown and described in my former applica;

tionfor Letters Patent bearing Serial No. 600,313, and the control of the capability for stretching of the band is not obtained by variations in the number of twists in cords composing the band but in the angle at which the component flexible fibrous ele-' ments of the band are wound therein. This angle of winding can be varied at pleasure and since the ration of elongation possible is less when the angle of WlIldlIlg is less than about 15 to the edge of the band, it is of great im ortance to wind at this small angle. This ang e canbe varied at pleasure by constructing the band'in a machine invented by me and described in an accompanying application, and can be wound at a smaller angle or at a much Wider angle if desired. The inner layer is formed of interwound parallel bands composed of elements laid at anwide angle .to permit of the greatest expansion of the inner layer and the angle of winding of the fibrous elements composin the outer layers will be at a narrow ang e according to their distance from the inner layer so as to permit "of less expansion thereof. The control of relative expansibility of the several layers is also obtained by varying the angle of winding the bands in the said layers.

The intermediate layer is designed to control the expansibility of the tube in a diametrical direction and the inner and outer layers control the longitudinal expansibility of the tube. I

The invention comprises the bands con"- structed as described and the fabric tube constructed therefrom and having several layers, each layer having a predetermined ratio of expansibility to the other layers.

The invent-ion is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, where- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a tapered mandrel upon the large diameter of which the band elements are first wound under a predetermined tension andthe completed band is pulled over the tapered portion, thus bringing the separated flexible elements closely together, making the angle smaller at which they lie; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the band; Fig. 3 is a transverse section; Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a hose showing three layers partially removed to disclose the structure; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section showing the same construction in a. tire casing; Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the casing shown in Fig. 5.

In these views A, A are flattened bands formed preferably of groups of parallel yarns or threads of a predetermined diameter cohering together, the width of the groups of parallel yarns or threads forming the bands. being also predetermined by the number of yarns or threads lying parallel to each other, while the number of parallel groups of parallel yarns or threads is such that they approximately cover the surface of the mandrel at its smaller end lying at a predetermined angle, while at the same time being coated on the exterior surface and also thoroughly saturated throughout the interior with elastic binding material such as vulcanizable rubber or other adhesive substance. These bands are formed of interwound groups of yarns upon a mandrel B in tubular form as described in my previous application for Letters Patent Ser. No. 600,313, but are first wound as shown in Fig. 1 so as not to cover the entire surface of the mandrel, but at a predetermined equal or strands will assume a much smaller angle distance apart.

, .The mandrel has a tapered extremity C terminating in a cylindrical portion D of smaller diameter than the portion A. As the tubular band is drawn oil from the mandrel itfirst-passes over the tapered portion C and then over the reduced portion D and therefore the pull upon the band will elongate it and the groups of yarns or threads to the axis of the mandrel and lie closely together, covering completely the surface of the reduced portion D' of the mandrel. One of the reasons for not immediately winding the yarns at this small angle is that a man drelof the "small diameter required to form the finished band inight not be strong .enough to sustain the tension of the yarns vcanthen-be wound-of selected bands of predetermined extensibility to obtain the degree of extensibility desired in the individual bands. The bands in the inner layer L are preferably wound upon,a rubber lining E at an angle of 45 in opposite directions.

The intermediate layer F is wound spirally and the other-layer G issimilar to the first la -er-in the arrangement of bands, as shown inFigsA and-5, the angle at which the bands are' wound being smaller than in the 1111161 layers, approximately. The angle at which the fibrous elements are wound in the bands of which the several layers are composed varies in the figures in an obvious manner.

The groups L of yarns in the inner layer are laid at an angle wider than the groups L in the central layer F, and those in the central layer are wound at a wider angle than those L in the outer layer. An outer coating or cover I-I completes the fabric on the exterior surface.

The layers may comprise bands in which the angle at which the flexible members are wound is varied in each layer, or the bands may be wound at different 'angles in each layer, or a combination of both forms of structure may be employed.

Having described the invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: l

1. The combination in a tubular fabric composed of layers of fabric, each layer comprising a laminated-cohesive-interwound formation of parallel fibrous bands crossing each other ,at an angle, the angle at which the bands cross each other in the inner layer being wider relatively to the edge and axis of the fabric than the angle of winding of the bands comprising the outer layers.

2. The combination in a tubular fabric composed of separate superimposed fabric layers, each layer formed of laminated-cohesive-interwound parallel members cross- -ingeach other at an angle, the angle at which the said members cross each other in each layer being predetermined, and lessening in width from the-inner to the outer layer, the variation in the respective angles governing the ,relative ratios of expansibil; ity of the several layers 3. In a tubular fabric, an inner lining, an outer covering, an inner layer composed of bands the fibrous elements of which cross each other at a predetermined angle and -consist' of parallel lying yarns of predetermined'diameter and number, and said bands cross each other at a predetermined angle, an intermediate layer composed of spirally laid bands, the fibrous elements of which cross each other at a less angle than in the.

bands of said first layer, and'an outer layer composed of bands, the fibrous elements of which cross each other at a smaller angle than in the bands of either of the previously mentioned layers.

4. In a fabric, a layer constructed of band in each layer composed of laminated interwound cohesive members, the members of the bands in the inner layer being Wound at a Wider angle than in the succeeding layers.

6. In a tubular fabric, outer and innner fabric layers therein, each layer composed of bands crossing each other at an angle and an intermediate layer composed of spirally 10 wound bands, each band composed of flexible crossing members cohering together, the members in the inner layer crossing each other at a wider angle thanthe members in the outer layers.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto set my 15 hand this seventh day of June 1911.

LAWRENCE A. SUBERS. In presence ofp F. H. TOWNSEND,

S. L. EXLINE. 

